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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38634616

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to describe the standardized body mass index (z-BMI) trajectory of children and adolescents admitted to a psychiatric reference center in Mexico City according to their diagnosis and medication use. The secondary objective was to compare z-BMI between antipsychotic users and non-users. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. The psychiatric diagnosis, prescribed medications, serial heights, and weights were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: The median baseline z-BMI of the 129 analyzed cases was 0.88 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0-1.92), and the prevalence of excessive weight (obesity or overweight) was 46.8 %. At the end of follow-up (median 50.3 weeks), the median change in z-BMI was -0.09 (IQR: -0.68 to 0.42). New long-term users of antipsychotics (n=29) had an increase in their z-BMI, in contrast to never-users (median difference 0.73, p=0.01) and to previous users (median difference 0.92, p=0.047). The 59 subjects with excessive weight at admission had a median z-BMI change of -0.39 (IQR: -0.81 to -0.04). Among patients with excessive weight and depression, there was a greater decrease in z-BMI in sertraline users (n=13) compared with fluoxetine users (n=15) (median -0.65 vs. 0.21, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: New long-term users of antipsychotics showed a significant increase in their z-BMI. Patients with depressive disorders and obesity on sertraline therapy tended to show a decrease in their z-BMI.

2.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 23(2): 146-153, 15 de agosto 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1397276

RESUMO

Introducción: El trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) es el trata-miento para la leucemia aguda en niños, el tipo de cáncer más común en edad pediátrica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la supervivencia global y libre de enferme-dad en un grupo de pacientes sometidos a TCPH y explorar los factores de riesgo pacientes pediátricos con leucemia aguda. Metodología: El presente estudio observacional incluye a pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) o linfoide (LLA), sometidos a TCPH, de 2011 a 2018 presentados en el Hospital Infantil Federico Gómez. Se construyen curvas de Kaplan Meier para la supervivencia global, por subgrupos según tipo de leucemia y estado libre de enfermedad así como un estudio multivariable para medir factores de riesgo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 53 pacientes en el análisis. 5 pacientes (11%) tuvieron falla primaria del injerto. La supervivencia global fue del 28% a los 24 meses. Fallecieron 30 pacientes (67%). La mediana de supervivencia global fue de 11 meses. Para LMA fue de 8.9 meses y para LLA de 12.4 meses. Uno de los factores de riesgo constituyó la edad >10 años al momento del trasplante OR 5.2 (1.07-25.12), P=0.04 y el número de recaídas previas al trasplante OR 4.3 (1.2-15.07) P=0.025. Conclusión: Los pacientes que sobrevivieron un año libre de la enfermedad tenían un mejor pronóstico en general. En estudios relacionados a TCPH no se ha reportado que exista un rango de edad de los receptores de trasplante que esté relacionado a mayor mortalidad, por lo cual es un dato significativo como un factor de riesgo independiente.


Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the treatment for acute leukemia in children, the most common type of cancer in children. The objective of the present study was to de-termine the overall and disease-free survival in a group of patients undergoing HSCT and to explore the risk factors for pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Methodology: This observational study includes all pediatric patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or lymphoid leukemia (ALL), undergoing HSCT from March 2011 to March 2018, presented at the Federico Gómez Children's Hospital. Kaplan Meier curves are constructed for overall survival by subgroups according to the type of leukemia and disease-free status, as well as a multivaria-ble study to measure risk factors. Results: 53 patients were included in the análisis. 5 patients (11%) had primary graft failure. Overall survival was 28% at 24 months. Thirty patients (67%) died. The median overall survival was 11 months. For AML, it was 8.9 months, and for ALL, it was 12.4 months. One of the risk factors was age >10 years at the time of transplant OR 5.2 (1.07-25.12) P=0.04 and the number of relapses prior to transplant OR 4.3 (1.2-15.07) P=0.025. Conclusión: Patients who survived one year free of the disease had a better prognosis. In studies relat-ed to HSCT, it has not been reported that there is an age range of transplant recipients that is related to higher mortality, which is why it is a significant and independent risk factor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Criança , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Medula Óssea , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Sobrevivência
3.
Arch Sex Behav ; 51(4): 1959-1966, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35414147

RESUMO

Transphobia is a result of the widespread lack of knowledge among the general population, together with prejudice based on irrational fear and hatred, of those who do not fit the dominant, socially established gender categories. Little is known about transgender-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among the Mexican population, due to the lack of reliable, valid Spanish-language instruments. This study presents a Spanish translation of the Transgender Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs (T-KAB) Scale and examines its psychometric properties for the Mexican population. A cohort of 501 adult subjects, 337 (67.3%) women and 161 (32.1%) men, drawn from the general population, answered the T-KAB in an anonymous online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency measure were used to determine whether its dimensions were reliable and valid for use in a Mexican Spanish language and cultural context. A CFA including the three original dimensions proposed and excluding one item from the T-KAB Scale showed appropriate goodness of fit indices (χ2(180) = 389.41; χ2/df = 2.16, RMSEA = 0.048, CI [0.042, 0.055]; CFI = 0.971; TLI = 0.966), with Cronbach's alpha values over 0.85. The psychometric properties exhibited by the Spanish version of the T-KAB support its use for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding transgender people in the Mexican cultural context. This instrument offers researchers a brief, reliable, valid, and easy self-report measure to use in further studies in Spanish-speaking populations.


Assuntos
Pessoas Transgênero , Adulto , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 75(1): 7-14, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29652872

RESUMO

Transgender or gender nonconforming (GN) persons identify themselves with a gender which is different from that correspondent to their birth sex. The demand for health services by families with transgender children or adolescents tends to increase. The prevalence of GN in children is unknown; however, it has been estimated to be > 1% in adolescents. Transgender persons are at increased risk of depression, suicide, illicit drug abuse, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and non-accidental injury. The most accepted model for the care of transgender persons assumes that these adverse outcomes are the consequence of social margination rather than the GI condition itself. Social and physical gender transition seem to be effective in increasing the well-being of people with GI and reducing associated health risks. Mental health professionals can support the child in the process of social transition. The pediatric endocrinologist may offer puberty blockade and cross-sex induction of puberty. Surgical sex reassignment interventions are reserved for adults. Gender identity, gender expression and sexual orientation are three relatively independent categories that can take any value, which is not necessarily binary (male/female) or fixed. Health professionals should be familiar with these concepts in order to offer the best resources available to optimize the well-being of each transgender child or adolescent with an individualized approach.


Las personas transgénero o con inconformidad de género (IG) se identifican a sí mismas con un género distinto al que les correspondería por su sexo al nacimiento. La demanda de servicios de salud de familias con niños, niñas o adolescentes transgénero va en aumento. La prevalencia de IG en niños no se conoce, pero se ha estimado que es mayor del 1% en adolescentes. Existe un elevado riesgo de depresión, suicidio, abuso de drogas ilícitas, infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y lesiones no accidentales en estos sujetos. El modelo más aceptado para la atención de personas con IG asume que estos desenlaces adversos son producto de la marginación social y no de la condición de IG en sí. La transición de género de tipo social, así como la física, parecen ser efectivas para aumentar el bienestar de las personas con IG y reducir los riesgos en salud. Durante el proceso de transición social, los profesionales de la salud mental pueden apoyar al menor. Los endocrinólogos pediatras pueden ofrecer el bloqueo de la pubertad y la inducción contrasexual de la misma. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas de reasignación de sexo se reservan para mayores de edad. La identidad de género, la expresión de género y la orientación sexual son tres categorías relativamente independientes que pueden tomar cualquier valor no necesariamente binario (masculino/femenino) ni fijo. Los profesionales de la salud deben estar familiarizados con estos conceptos para ofrecer los mejores recursos disponibles y optimizar el bienestar de cada niño, niña o adolescente transgénero de forma individualizada.


Assuntos
Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Transexualidade/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Depressão/epidemiologia , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Maturidade Sexual
5.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 75(1): 7-14, ene.-feb. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-951286

RESUMO

Resumen Las personas transgénero o con inconformidad de género (IG) se identifican a sí mismas con un género distinto al que les correspondería por su sexo al nacimiento. La demanda de servicios de salud de familias con niños, niñas o adolescentes transgénero va en aumento. La prevalencia de IG en niños no se conoce, pero se ha estimado que es mayor del 1% en adolescentes. Existe un elevado riesgo de depresión, suicidio, abuso de drogas ilícitas, infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y lesiones no accidentales en estos sujetos. El modelo más aceptado para la atención de personas con IG asume que estos desenlaces adversos son producto de la marginación social y no de la condición de IG en sí. La transición de género de tipo social, así como la física, parecen ser efectivas para aumentar el bienestar de las personas con IG y reducir los riesgos en salud. Durante el proceso de transición social, los profesionales de la salud mental pueden apoyar al menor. Los endocrinólogos pediatras pueden ofrecer el bloqueo de la pubertad y la inducción contrasexual de la misma. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas de reasignación de sexo se reservan para mayores de edad. La identidad de género, la expresión de género y la orientación sexual son tres categorías relativamente independientes que pueden tomar cualquier valor no necesariamente binario (masculino/femenino) ni fijo. Los profesionales de la salud deben estar familiarizados con estos conceptos para ofrecer los mejores recursos disponibles y optimizar el bienestar de cada niño, niña o adolescente transgénero de forma individualizada.


Abstract Transgender or gender nonconforming (GN) persons identify themselves with a gender which is different from that correspondent to their birth sex. The demand for health services by families with transgender children or adolescents tends to increase. The prevalence of GN in children is unknown; however, it has been estimated to be > 1% in adolescents. Transgender persons are at increased risk of depression, suicide, illicit drug abuse, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and non-accidental injury. The most accepted model for the care of transgender persons assumes that these adverse outcomes are the consequence of social margination rather than the GI condition itself. Social and physical gender transition seem to be effective in increasing the well-being of people with GI and reducing associated health risks. Mental health professionals can support the child in the process of social transition. The pediatric endocrinologist may offer puberty blockade and cross-sex induction of puberty. Surgical sex reassignment interventions are reserved for adults. Gender identity, gender expression and sexual orientation are three relatively independent categories that can take any value, which is not necessarily binary (male/female) or fixed. Health professionals should be familiar with these concepts in order to offer the best resources available to optimize the well-being of each transgender child or adolescent with an individualized approach.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transexualidade/psicologia , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Disforia de Gênero/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Maturidade Sexual , Depressão/epidemiologia , Identidade de Gênero
8.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 72(5): 346-352, sep.-oct. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-781252

RESUMO

ResumenLos diseños de investigación clínica, cuyo propósito es responder preguntas sobre causalidad, se pueden clasificar en relación con cuatro ejes: el número de grupos de estudio, la aplicación de una maniobra experimental, la direccionalidad causa-efecto y la fuente de la que se recaban los datos. Los diseños básicos más utilizados en epidemiología son el ensayo clínico, el estudio de cohortes, el estudio de casos y controles y la encuesta transversal. Este texto pretende facilitar la identificación y comprensión de cada uno de estos diseños mediante ejemplos relacionados con la asociación entre la vacunación con rotavirus y la invaginación intestinal.


AbstractDesign of clinical research whose purpose is to answer questions about causality can be classified in relation to four axes: the number of study groups, the implementation of an experimental maneuver, cause-effect directionality and source from which the data are collected. The basic designs used in epidemiology are the clinical trial, the cohort study, the case-control study and the cross-sectional survey. This text aims to facilitate the identification and understanding of each of these designs through examples related to the association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception.

9.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 72(5): 346-352, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29421534

RESUMO

Design of clinical research whose purpose is to answer questions about causality can be classified in relation to four axes: the number of study groups, the implementation of an experimental maneuver, cause-effect directionality and source from which the data are collected. The basic designs used in epidemiology are the clinical trial, the cohort study, the case-control study and the cross-sectional survey. This text aims to facilitate the identification and understanding of each of these designs through examples related to the association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception.

10.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex ; 72(2): 140-148, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29425994

RESUMO

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a cause of preventable mental retardation; therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment by the primary care physician is very important. CH screening must be performed between the second and fifth days of life with capillary blood done with a heel prick and must be confirmed by measurement of thyroid hormones in venous blood. The most common cause of CH is thyroid dysgenesis, which may be identified by a thyroid scan carried out before initiating treatment. Treatment should be with levothyroxine (10-15µg/kg/day) and should not be delayed or suspended during the first 3 years of life due to the deleterious effect on neurodevelopment in case of low thyroid hormones during this time. Preterm or sick infants or those with Down syndrome require special consideration. This article provides diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for CH.

11.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 71(3): 180-187, may.-jun. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-744072

RESUMO

Con el avance en el tratamiento de los diversos tipos de neoplasias malignas pediátricas, la supervivencia de los niños que cursan con este padecimiento es cada vez mayor. Se estima que en nuestro país, en los próximos años, 1 de cada 1,000 habitantes menores de 25 años será un sobreviviente de cáncer. Debido a esto, ha surgido la necesidad de mejorar el cuidado de la salud de esta población. Algunos aspectos para considerar son la vigilancia y el tratamiento oportuno de las alteraciones endocrinológicas. Tanto la neoplasia en sí como la quimioterapia, la radioterapia y los procedimientos ablativos pueden dañar estructuras relacionadas con el sistema endocrino. En estos pacientes son frecuentes las alteraciones del crecimiento por diversos mecanismos, las alteraciones tiroideas primarias o secundarias, las alteraciones de la función sexual y reproductiva, el daño a la salud ósea y el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. Los efectos secundarios endocrinológicos pueden presentarse a corto plazo o hasta 10 años o más después de concluido el tratamiento. En este trabajo se propone una guía para vigilancia y referencia oportuna al especialista.


Advances in treatment of childhood cancer have increased the rate of cure and survival in these patients. It is believed that in the near future 1/1,000 inhabitants <25 years of age will be a cancer survivor. Because of this, it is necessary to improve health care in this population, with endocrinologic disorders being one of the affected systems needing special attention. Both the neoplasm and its treatment including radiotherapy, chemotherapy and ablative procedures may injure endocrine system-related structures. Growth disorders are frequent in these patients so are primary or secondary thyroid disorders, sexual and reproductive dysfunction, bone health problems and increased cardiovascular risk. Endocrinologic side effects may present in the short term or >10 years after conclusion of treatment. In this paper we propose a guideline for surveillance and timely referral to a specialist for these patients.

12.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 71(1): 61-64, ene.-feb. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-728501

RESUMO

El bienestar infantil es un tema de interés para aquellos profesionales que creen que el propósito de las políticas públicas va más allá de procurar la riqueza material o de evitar males, como el analfabetismo o la enfermedad, entre los individuos en una sociedad. La importancia de definirlo y medirlo radica en la necesidad de identificar sus determinantes, e idear mecanismos para optimizarlo. Si bien es un tema complejo, incluso desde el punto de vista filosófico, en el mundo se han realizado esfuerzos valiosos por abordarlo desde un punto de vista científico y operativo. El Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia es una de las instituciones líderes en la investigación sobre el bienestar en la población menor de edad, particularmente en los llamados "países ricos". En México se ha generado información sobre diversos aspectos del bienestar infantil, aunque existen dominios para los cuales todavía no se cuenta con información suficiente para permitir la comparación con otros países.


Child well-being is an interesting topic to all those professionals who believe that the purpose of public policies goes beyond the mere pursuit of the material wealth or the avoidance of harms such as illiteracy and disease among individuals in the society. It is important to define it and to measure it in order to identify its determinants and to plan mechanisms to optimize it. Although it is a complex issue, even from the philosophical point of view, there have been worldwide valuable efforts to approach it from a scientific and operational perspective. The United Nations Children's Fund is one of the pioneer institutions in child wellbeing research, especially in the so called "rich countries". In Mexico, information has been generated regarding some issues concerning children well-being, however there are some dimensions for which there is not yet enough information to allow comparison with other countries.

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